- por Mariana Zambon Braga

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Desde a emergência da AIDS, há 35 anos, a comunidade internacional pode olhar para trás com algum orgulho, mas ainda é preciso mirar adiante com determinação e comprometimento para alcançar nosso objetivo de acabar com a epidemia até 2030".

Essa foi a declaração do secretário-geral da ONU, Ban Ki-moon, pedindo um renovado compromisso global para o combate à doença, assim como um espírito intransigente para colocar fim à epidemia.

Neste Dia Mundial de Luta contra a AIDS, precisamos falar sobre esta doença que afeta tantas pessoas. Embora estejamos em pleno século XXI, as doenças relacionadas à sexualidade ainda são um tabu. Não debatemos sexo de forma aberta, o que prejudica drasticamente ações de prevenção e combate à doença.

Eu me lembro, quando era adolescente, que existia toda uma mobilização da sociedade e do estado em promover a conscientização sobre o HIV - desde a distribuição de preservativos em postos de saúde a campanhas na televisão, folhetos, palestras, cartazes, filmes, livros. Talvez porque nos anos 1990 os números fossem mais alarmantes. Ou então por não haver uma esperança de um dia existir uma cura.

De qualquer maneira, não ter um diálogo aberto e extensivo acerca da AIDS dá até a impressão de que ela se tornou um problema secundário, e não tão grave quanto antes. Mas, não é bem assim - especialmente para a população mais pobre.

O levantamento feito entre jovens, realizado com mais de 35 mil meninos de 17 a 20 anos de idade, indica que, em cinco anos, a prevalência do HIV nessa população [em situação de vulnerabilidade] passou de 0,09% para 0,12%. O estudo também revela que quanto menor a escolaridade, maior o percentual de infectados pelo vírus da aids (prevalência de 0,17% entre os meninos com ensino fundamental incompleto e 0,10% entre os que têm ensino fundamental completo)". (Dados do portal aids.gov)

A faixa etária em que a AIDS é mais incidente, em ambos os sexos, é a de 25 a 49 anos de idade, embora dos 13 aos 19 anos as mulheres sejam as mais afetadas pelo vírus.

Quanto à forma de transmissão entre os maiores de 13 anos de idade, prevalece a sexual. Nas mulheres, 86,8% dos casos registrados em 2012 decorreram de relações heterossexuais com pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Entre os homens, 43,5% dos casos se deram por relações heterossexuais, 24,5% por relações homossexuais e 7,7% por bissexuais. O restante ocorreu por transmissão sanguínea e vertical". (Dados do portal aids.gov)

Os avanços da ciência permitiram que muitos soropositivos hoje tenham mais qualidade de vida para conviver com essa doença. No entanto, segundo Richard Parke em seu artigo "O Fim da AIDS?", publicado no site da Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS:

De certa forma, é preciso reconhecer que esta promessa do fim iminente da epidemia também é uma ideologia. Pode ser bem intencionada, ao contrário do vírus ideológico do estigma e da discriminação, mas ainda assim é uma ideologia que está circulando na mídia e em vários discursos de uma forma muito perigosa – precisamente porque cria uma visão “dourada” de sucesso na luta contra a epidemia, mas que não tem nada a ver com a realidade da AIDS que as pessoas vivendo com o HIV vivenciam".

Estas informações indicam que a gente precisa continuar tocando na tecla de que a AIDS mata. Conscientizar os jovens, principalmente as mulheres - a nunca, NUNCA abrirem mão do preservativo, empoderar as adolescentes para conhecerem sua sexualidade e as formas de se protegerem contra doenças. Cobrar dos governos mais soluções, como mutirões de testes, distribuição de camisinhas, projetos de conscientização. Iniciativas como esta precisam fazer parte da nossa vida novamente.

A AIDS mata, não tem cura e é uma doença gravíssima. A luta contra ela ainda é uma realidade. Ignorar que a doença existe ou simplesmente não falar sobre ela não a fará desaparecer. Por isso, converse com suas amigas, filhas, alunas, sobrinhas, mães, tias, avós. Espalhe informações. Use camisinha. Cuide-se!

Para saber tudo sobre prevenção, acesse http://www.aids.gov.br/pagina/previnase

Assista abaixo ao vídeo da ONU sobre o Dia Mundial de Combate à Aids.

#precisamosfalarsobrehiv.

 

Mariana Zambon Braga
Responsável pela redação da Rede, é tradutora de inglês, formada em letras pela USP.
Atua nas áreas de: contratos, traduções técnicas, traduções literárias, artigos e monografias. Escritora por vocação e realizadora por necessidade.

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